佛山市南海区社区人群体型指数、腰围与高血压的关系

目的采用腰围(WC)、体质指数(BMI)综合评价广东省佛山市南海区成年人中心性肥胖者高血压患病风险。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取南海区2个街道6个镇共17124户中18岁以上常住居民进行调查。采用入户面对面访谈的方法,并进行相关人体测量。采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行多因素Logistic回归分析,比较各BMI组别中心性肥胖者高血压患病的OR值。结果体质指数偏瘦、正常、超重和肥胖组中,男性中心性肥胖者高血压患病率分别为14.6%、23.8%、34.1%和42.7%;女性中心性肥胖者高血压患病率分别为20.3%,24.2%,33.8%和43.5%;除男性体型偏瘦组外,中心性肥胖者高血压患病率均明显高于同组内的正常腰围人群(P0.01);调整混杂因素(年龄、吸烟、饮酒和体育锻炼等)后,与正常腰围人群比较,BMI正常、超重及肥胖组别中男性中心性肥胖者患高血压患病的OR值分别为1.485(1.319~1.672)、1.827(1.536~2.191)、2.849(1.659~4.893);中心性肥胖女性BMI偏瘦、正常、超重及肥胖组高血压患病OR值分别为1.642(1.112~2.425)、1.530(1.363~1.717)、1.644(1.299~2.080)、3.529(2.001~6.225)。结论 BMI与WC两者结合可明显提高高血压风险预测价值;应将腹型肥胖尤其是全身性肥胖合并腹型肥胖的人群作为社区高血压防治的重点干预人群。     

Association between alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome

AimsExamine associations between self-reported alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome.Materials and methodsSample (N = 7432) included adult (≥20 years) participants in the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ResultsAbove moderate alcohol consumption (AMAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 20–29, 40–49, and 70–79 age groups (β = −6.21, β = −8.34, and β = −6.60, respectively) and moderate alcohol consumption (MAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 30–39, 40–49, and 70–79 age groups (β = −4.60, β = −5.69, and β = −2.88, respectively). AMAC was negatively associated with triglycerides among those in the 70–79 and 80+ age groups (β = −23.62 and β = −34.18, respectively) and positively associated with HDL-C levels in all groups (β range 8.96–18.25). MAC was positively associated with HDL-C in the age groups spanning 20–69 years (β range 3.05–5.34) and those over 80 (β = 5.26). AMAC and MAC were negatively associated with fasting glucose levels in the 20–29 and 70–79 age groups (β = −3.38 and −15.61, respectively). MAC was negatively associated with fasting glucose levels among those 70–79 and those over 80 years of age (β = −7.06 and β = −5.00, respectively).ConclusionMAC and AMAC may favorably impact metabolic health.     

Determination of most suitable cut off point of waist circumference for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in Kerman

ObjectivesMetabolic syndrome is a determining indicator of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Abdominal obesity, determined by measuring waist circumference, is one of the most important criteria for diagnosing this syndrome. This criterion varies between men and women and among different races. The present study aims at the assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of the commonly used cut off point of waist circumference, and the estimation of the most suitable cut off point of waist circumference for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in the urban society of Kerman.Methods5332 subjects consisting of 2966 women and 2366 men, 20 years old and above were studied in a population based, cross sectional study. Waist circumference, blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipids were measured. People with at least two of the NCEP ATP III criteria – high blood pressure (BP > 130/80), high triglycerides (TG > 150), high glucose (FBG > 100) and low HDL (HDL < 40 in men and <50 in women) – were taken as population at risk. ROC analysis was used for determining the most suitable cut off point of waist circumference. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was then assessed based on IDF, NCEP criteria and the proposed criterion, and agreement among the three methods in diagnosing people suffering from metabolic syndrome was examined.ResultsThe average ± standard deviation of waist circumference in women and in men was 83.90 ± 12.55 and 87.99 ± 11.94 cm respectively. The most suitable cut off point of waist circumference for metabolic syndrome diagnosis was 86 in women and 89 in men. These circumferences had the highest specificity and sensitivity. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in IDF, NCPE, and the proposed criterion was 30.4%, 27.7%, and 35.2% respectively. The new criterion and the NCEP criterion achieved the highest agreement (kappa factor = 83%).ConclusionThe cuts off point of waist circumference in men and women are close. It is possible, then, to determine a common cut off point of waist circumference for both in Iran. Therefore, the cut point of 90-cm of waist circumference proposed by the National Obesity Committee seems to be appropriate for the Iranian society. These clinical findings should nevertheless be verified by simulation.     

Evaluation of waist-to-height ratio to predict 5 year cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan African adults

Background and aimsSimple, low-cost central obesity measures may help identify individuals with increased cardiometabolic disease risk, although it is unclear which measures perform best in African adults. We aimed to: 1) cross-sectionally compare the accuracy of existing waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC) thresholds to identify individuals with hypertension, pre-diabetes, or dyslipidaemia; 2) identify optimal WC and WHtR thresholds to detect CVD risk in this African population; and 3) assess which measure best predicts 5-year CVD risk.Methods and resultsBlack South Africans (577 men, 942 women, aged >30years) were recruited by random household selection from four North West Province communities. Demographic and anthropometric measures were taken. Recommended diagnostic thresholds (WC > 80 cm for women, >94 cm for men; WHtR > 0.5) were evaluated to predict blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipids, and glycated haemoglobin measured at baseline and 5 year follow up. Women were significantly more overweight than men at baseline (mean body mass index (BMI) women 27.3 ± 7.4 kg/m², men 20.9 ± 4.3 kg/m²); median WC women 81.9 cm (interquartile range 61–103), men 74.7 cm (63–87 cm), all P < 0.001). In women, both WC and WHtR significantly predicted all cardiometabolic risk factors after 5 years. In men, even after adjusting WC threshold based on ROC analysis, WHtR better predicted overall 5-year risk. Neither measure predicted hypertension in men.ConclusionsThe WHtR threshold of >0.5 appears to be more consistently supported and may provide a better predictor of future cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan Africa.     

Gender-specific associations of body mass index and waist circumference with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese rural adults: The Henan Rural Cohort Study

Aim

To assess the relationship between various obesity categories according to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Chinese rural adults.

Dietary weight loss in insulin-resistant non-obese humans: Metabolic benefits and relationship to adipose cell size

Background and Aims

Overweight and obesity increase risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, largely through development of insulin resistance. Benefits of dietary weight loss are documented for obese individuals with insulin resistance. Similar benefits have not been shown in overweight individuals. We sought to quantify whether dietary weight loss improves metabolic risk profile in overweight insulin-resistant individuals, and evaluated potential mediators between weight loss and metabolic response.

The obesity paradox in men with coronary heart disease and heart failure: The role of muscle mass and leptin

Aims

We have investigated the role of muscle mass, natriuretic peptides and adipokines in explaining the obesity paradox.

Background

The obesity paradox relates to the association between obesity and increased survival in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) or heart failure (HF).

Methods

Prospective study of 4046 men aged 60–79 years followed up for a mean period of 11 years, during which 1340 deaths occurred. The men were divided according to the presence of doctor diagnosed CHD and HF: (i) no CHD or HF ii), with CHD (no HF) and (iii) with HF.

Results

Overweight (BMI 25–9.9 kg/m²) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) were associated with lower mortality risk compared to men with normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²) in those with CHD [hazards ratio (HR) 0.71 (0.56,0.91) and 0.77 (0.57,1.04); p = 0.04 for trend] and in those with HF [HR 0.57 (0.28,1.16) and 0.41 (0.16,1.09; p = 0.04 for trend). Adjustment for muscle mass and NT-proBNP attenuated the inverse association in those with CHD (no HF) [HR 0.78 (0.61,1.01) and 0.96 (0.68,1.36) p = 0.60 for trend) but made minor differences to those with HF [p = 0.05]. Leptin related positively to mortality in men without HF but inversely to mortality in those with HF; adjustment for leptin abolished the BMI mortality association in men with HF [HR 0.82 (0.31,2.20) and 0.99 (0.27,3.71); p = 0.98 for trend].

Conclusion

The lower mortality risk associated with excess weight in men with CHD without HF may be due to higher muscle mass. In men with HF, leptin (possibly reflecting cachexia) explain the inverse association.     

重庆地区人群体重指数腰围与血压水平及高血压关系的分析

目的 探讨重庆地区人群体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）与血压水平及高血压的关系。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取重庆地区15岁以上城乡人口5246人进行血压、脉搏、身高、体重、腰围、臀围的测量,并问卷调查。结果 重庆地区人群收缩压、舒张压水平及高血压患病率均随着BMI的增加呈明显的线性上升趋势（线性趋势检验P〈0．01）。腹型肥胖的人群收缩压、舒张压水平及高血压患病率均高于腰围正常的人群,差异均有统计学意义（线性趋势检验P〈0．01）。按BMI分组[〈18．5、18．5～23．9、24．0～27．9、≥28．0（kg／m。）]的高血压患病率分别为9．39％、13．51％、26．23％、32．21％;按WC分组（男〈85cm或女〈80cm,男≥85cm或女≥80cm）的高血压患病率分别为12、39％、28．81％。结论 重庆地区人群血压水平及高血压患病率均与BMI、WC密切相关。BMI、WC是高血压的重要危险因素,对于高血压的发生有着重要的预测作用。